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Rod Woodson

Early years

Woodson is the youngest of three siblings, with whom he had close relationships. His father, the late James Woodson, was African-American, and his mother, Linda Jo, is white; they were married providing a stable home for Joe, Jamie and Rod . Woodson attended R. Nelson Snider High School in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He played defensive back and a variety of offensive skill positions and was all-state his junior and senior seasons. in addition to football, he won both the high and low hurdles state championships in both his junior and senior seasons; and played varsity basketball his junior and senior seasons, making all conference his senior year.

College career

Woodson accepted a full scholarship to play football at Purdue University, in part because of a desire to pursue a degree in electrical engineering. Woodson played primarily as a defensive back and kick returner, but also saw time on offense as a running back and wide receiver. He was named an All-American defensive back in 1985 and 1986, and was a three time All-Big Ten first team selection. In his final collegiate game, Woodson gained over 150 of combined rushing and receiving yards, in addition to making ten tackles and forcing a fumble, leading Purdue to a victory over arch-rival Indiana.

Woodson left Purdue with 13 individual records, notably tying the school record with eleven career interceptions. He currently is ranked in the top ten in career interceptions, solo tackles, total tackles, passes deflected, and kickoff return yardage as a Boilermaker.

In addition to his exploits on the gridiron, Woodson was also an accomplished track and field athlete at Purdue, and twice awarded All-America honors. He currently holds the school records in both the 60 and 110 meter hurdles, events in which he earned five Big Ten championships. In 1984, he qualified for the Olympic Trials in the 100 meter hurdles, but elected to continue his football career in the NFL after graduating from Purdue with a degree in criminal justice.

Woodson was inducted into the Purdue Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 2003.

Pro football career

In 1987, Woodson was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers as the 10th overall draft pick. He returned punts and played defensive cornerback for Pittsburgh through the 1996 season.On November 22, 1987 he was listed third on the depth chart in a game against the division rival Cincinnati Bengals played at Cincinnati Riverfront Stadium, Woodson was inserted into the secondary. In the final minute of the second quarter, he recorded his first career interception when he picked off a Boomer Esiason pass.

He was a fan favorite and a banner that hung for years in Three Rivers Stadium stated: "Rod Is God". A highlight came in 1995 when Woodson became the first player to return from reconstructive knee surgery in the same season. That year he tore his ACL against the Detroit Lions in the first game and returned to play in the Super Bowl XXX between the Steelers and the Dallas Cowboys just 19 weeks later. In that game, he broke up a pass intended for Michael Irvin, hopped up and pointed at his reconstructed knee. In a game against the Houston Oilers, Woodson hit Hall of Fame quarterback Warren Moon on a cornerback blitz. The hit gave Moon a concussion and forced him to leave the game.

Woodson's career took a somewhat nomadic turn after free agency from Pittsburgh, after the Rooney family elected not to renew his contract over a pay dispute as well as the salary cap. (The team had a similar dispute with Franco Harris in 1984 and later with Alan Faneca in 2008.) Although he remained to raise his family in Pittsburgh and later made amends with the Rooneys, he hopped between three additional franchises, becoming one of the few modern cornerbacks to successfully make a transition to the safety position, following in the footsteps of Ronnie Lott. Woodson signed with the San Francisco 49ers for the 1997 season, the Baltimore Ravens for the years 1998 to 2001 (where he won Super Bowl XXXV), and the Oakland Raiders for 2002 and 2003 (where he appeared in his third Super Bowl). In the Raiders 2002 Super Bowl season, 37-year old Woodson led the NFL in interceptions (8) for the first time in his career. His last interception came on November 16, 2003 against the Minnesota Vikings Daunte Culpepper.

NFL records and accomplishments

Woodson is among the NFL's all time leaders in games played as a defensive back and interceptions. In his 17 NFL seasons, Woodson recorded 71 interceptions, 1,483 interception return yards, 32 fumble recoveries (15 offensive and 17 defensive), 137 fumble return yards, 4,894 kickoff return yards, 2,362 punt return yards, and 17 touchdowns (12 interception returns, 1 fumble return, 2 kickoff returns, 2 punt returns). He holds the league record for interceptions returned for touchdowns with 12, and is tied with 11 other players for the record for most fumble recoveries in a single game (3). His 1,483 interception return yards are also an NFL record. His 32 fumble recoveries are a record amongst defensive players. His 71 interceptions rank 3rd all time.

Woodson was named to the Pro Bowl eleven times, a record for a defensive back. He was also the first player to earn trips to the Pro Bowl at cornerback, safety and kick returner. He was named 1993's NFL Defensive Player of the Year by the Associated Press. He was also a 7 time All-Pro selection. Woodson finished second to Darrell Green in the 1988 NFL Fastest Man Contest.

In 1994, he was named to the NFL's 75th Anniversary Team. What made it notable was that Woodson was one of only five active players to be named to the team. The others were Jerry Rice, Joe Montana, Reggie White and Ronnie Lott. In 1999, he was ranked number 87 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players. The College Football News has also honored him as one of the 100 greatest players of the 20th century.

In 2007, he was ranked number 22 on USA Today list of the 25 best NFL players of the past 25 years.

It is unlikely that the Steelers will remove Woodson's number 26 from circulation, however, since the number is currently being worn by longtime cornerback Deshea Townsend, who as of the 2008 season has now played longer with the Steelers than Woodson did. (The team drafted Townsend in 1998 around the same time that Woodson signed with the archrival Ravens, and still had an acrimonious relationship with the Rooneys at the time.) Mel Blount's number 47 has also conspicuously remained in circulation since his retirement after the 1983 season.

On January 31, 2009, Woodson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility becoming the 18th Steelers-related person to be enshrined. Woodson named his good friend and business associate Tracy Foster as his presenter. Foster went to Indiana to play basketball for Bob Knight. Foster runs Woodson car dealership in Pittsburgh.

Retirement

Woodson was released by the Oakland Raiders on July 27, 2004 after failing his team physical. His replacement at free safety for the Raiders was Stuart Schweigert, who coincidentally, broke Woodson's career interception record at Purdue.

He now helps coach the defense at Valley Christian Senior High in Dublin, California along with former Raider John Parrella. Woodson lives in Pleasanton, California with his wife Nickie and their five children . His son, Demitrius, plays safety and wide receiver there as well as kick returner.

Since 1994, Woodson has operated an annual youth football camp, the Woodson/Fabini Football Camp, on the grounds of his former high school. He is also a partner in Woodson Motorsports, a BMW motorcycle dealership and repair shop in Fort Wayne.

Currently Woodson splits his time between NFL Network studios in Los Angeles, his home in Pleasanton,and his cottage in Coldwater, Michigan. He was also part of the studio team for BBC Sport's NFL coverage in 2007, including Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLIII.

Rod Woodson sponsored a charity benefit dinner and auction on July 25, 2009 at the Oakland Coliseum - just two weeks before he entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame. All proceeds went to the Football and Scholarship programs at Valley Christian School, the high school where Rod coaches.

References

^ Hayes, Reggie (2009-08-03). "Tracing Woodson's path to greatness". Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090803/SPORTS/908030336/1002. Retrieved 2009-08-09.

^ "Former Boilermaker Rod Woodson Elected To Pro Football Hall Of Fame". Purdue University. http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/013109aab.html. Retrieved 2009-08-09.

^ Jeanguenat, John (2003-04-29). "Halls of fame induct, honor alumnus". The Exponent. http://www.purdueexponent.org/interface/bebop/showstory.php?date=2003/04/29&section=sports. Retrieved 2008-08-01.

^ I'll take that!

^ FOOTBALL; Moon Passes Tests After Concussion The New York Times- Published: Wednesday, November 4, 1992

^ a b "Woodson set new standard in backfield". USA Today. 2007-06-21. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2007-06-21-no-22-woodson_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-23.

^ Attner, Paul (1993-11-29). "The Intimidator". The Sporting News. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_n22_v216/ai_14688205/pg_2. Retrieved 2008-09-23.

^ Hall of Fame: Woodson greatness went beyond stats

^ The Class of 2009 presenters

^ "BBC announce studio team". http://www.nfluk.com/news-display.php?id=2854. Retrieved 2008-09-23.

^ http://www.rod-woodson-hall-of-fame.com "Rod Woodson HoF Benefit Dinner & Auction". http://www.rod-woodson-hall-of-fame.com http://www.rod-woodson-hall-of-fame.com. Retrieved 2009-07-24.

External links

Rod Woodson at ESPN.com

Woodson's Stats

Rod Woodson at the Internet Movie Database

AP May 22, 1992

'never Back Down' SI Vault

Story >>I'll take that! profootballhof.com

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Pittsburgh Steelers

Formerly the Pittsburgh Pirates Founded in 1933 Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The Franchise

Franchise History Seasons Logos and Uniforms Coaches Players Quarterbacks First-round draft picks Statistics

Stadiums

Forbes Field Pitt Stadium Three Rivers Stadium Heinz Field

Culture

Terrible Towel Rooney family Myron Cope Steeler Nation "Here We Go"

Lore

Immaculate Reception Steel Curtain Blitzburgh 1974 Draft Class Terrible Curse The Comeback II Immaculate Redemption Bengals rivalry Browns rivalry Ravens rivalry The Steagles Card-Pitt Pennsylvania Keystoners Steelerettes Renegade

Head coaches

Douds DiMelio Bach McNally Kiesling Bell Donelli Kiesling Leonard Sutherland Michelosen Bach Kiesling Parker Nixon Austin Noll Cowher Tomlin

Division championships (19)

1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2008

Super Bowl appearances (7)

IX X XIII XIV XXX XL XLIII

League championships (6)

1974 1975 1978 1979 2005 2008

Retired Numbers

Hall of Fame members

Players - Blount Bradshaw Dudley Greene Ham Harris Johnson Lambert Layne Stallworth Stautner Swann Webster Woodson

Coaches and administration - Bell Kiesling LeBeau Noll Art Rooney Dan Rooney

Seasons

1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Current league affiliations

League: National Football League Conference: American Football Conference Division: North Division

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1987 NFL Draft First Round Selections

Vinny Testaverde Cornelius Bennett Alonzo Highsmith Brent Fullwood Mike Junkin Kelly Stouffer Reggie Rogers Shane Conlan Jerome Brown Rod Woodson Shawn Knight Danny Noonan Chris Miller D. J. Dozier John Clay John Bosa Jason Buck Tony Woods Paul Palmer Haywood Jeffires Roger Vick Harris Barton Bruce Armstrong Rod Bernstine Terrence Flagler Jim Harbaugh Ricky Nattiel Mark Ingram

Draft Years

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

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Pittsburgh Steelers First-round Draft selections

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Baltimore Ravens Super Bowl XXXV Champions

Head Coach: Brian Billick

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NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award from the Associated Press

1971: Page 1972: Greene 1973: Anderson 1974: Greene (x2) 1975: Blount 1976: Lambert 1977: Martin 1978: Gradishar 1979: Selmon 1980: Hayes 1981: Taylor 1982: Taylor (x2) 1983: Betters 1984: Easley 1985: Singletary 1986: Taylor (x3) 1987: White 1988: Singletary (x2) 1989: Millard 1990: Smith 1991: Swilling 1992: Kennedy 1993: Woodson 1994: D. Sanders 1995: Paup 1996: Smith (x2) 1997: Stubblefield 1998: White (x2) 1999: Sapp 2000: Lewis 2001: Strahan 2002: Brooks 2003: Lewis (x2) 2004: Reed 2005: Urlacher 2006: Taylor 2007: B. Sanders 2008: Harrison 2009: Woodson

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National Football League | NFL's 1990s All-Decade Team

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National Football League | NFL's 75th Anniversary All-Time Team

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Pittsburgh Steelers 75th Anniversary Team

Specialists: Gary Anderson | Bobby Walden

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2001 Pro Bowl AFC Starters

Offense

OT Tony Boselli | OT Jonathan Ogden | G Ruben Brown | G Bruce Matthews | C Kevin Mawae

Defense

DE Trace Armstrong | DE Jason Taylor | DT Sam Adams | DT Trevor Pryce

OLB Mo Lewis | OLB Junior Seau | ILB Ray Lewis

CB Sam Madison | CB Samari Rolle | FS Rod Woodson | SS Blaine Bishop

Special Teams

P Darren Bennett | PK Matt Stover | KR Derrick Mason | ST Larry Izzo

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2002 Pro Bowl AFC Starters

Offense

OT Lincoln Kennedy | OT Jonathan Ogden | G Alan Faneca | G Will Shields | C Kevin Mawae

Defense

DE John Abraham | DE Marcellus Wiley | DT Trevor Pryce | DT John Randle

OLB Jason Gildon | OLB Jamir Miller | ILB Ray Lewis

CB Sam Madison | CB Charles Woodson | FS Rod Woodson | SS Rodney Harrison

Special Teams

P Shane Lechler | PK Jason Elam | KR Jermaine Lewis | ST Ian Gold

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2003 Pro Bowl AFC Starters

Offense

OT Jonathan Ogden | OT Willie Roaf | G Alan Faneca | G Will Shields | C Kevin Mawae

Defense

DE Trevor Pryce | DE Jason Taylor | DT Richard Seymour | DT Gary Walker

OLB Joey Porter | OLB Junior Seau | ILB Zach Thomas

CB Aaron Glenn | CB Patrick Surtain | FS Rod Woodson | SS Lawyer Milloy

Special Teams

P Chris Hanson | PK Adam Vinatieri | KR Dante Hall | ST Larry Izzo

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Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 2009

Bob Hayes Randall McDaniel Bruce Smith Derrick Thomas Ralph Wilson Rod Woodson

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NFL Total Access

Hosts

Paul Burmeister (2004-present) Fran Charles (2006-present) Spero Dedes (2006-present) Rich Eisen (2003-present) Alex Flanagan (2006-present) Derrin Horton (2003-present) Bill Patrick (2003-2004)

Analysts

Marcus Allen (2005) Brian Baldinger (2003-present) Bobby Beathard (2007) Charles Davis (2007-present) Butch Davis (2005-2006) Terrell Davis (2003-present) Jamie Dukes (2006-present) Marshall Faulk (2006-present) Seth Joyner (2003-2005) Lincoln Kennedy (2003-2006) Steve Mariucci (2006-present) Mike Mayock (2003-present) Jim E. Mora (2003-present) Ken Norton, Jr. (2003-2004) Glenn Parker (2003-2004) Dan Reeves (2003-2005) Deion Sanders (2006-present) Sterling Sharpe (2003-present) Emmitt Smith (2005) Tom Waddle (2007-present) Solomon Wilcots (2003-present) Rod Woodson (2003-present)

Reporters

Jennifer Allen (2004-present) Michelle Beisner (2006-present) Scott Hanson (2006-present) Kara Henderson (2004-present) Adam Schefter (2003-2009) Jason La Canfora (2009-present)

I am China Manufacturers writer, reports some information about keyboard tray sliding , heavy duty drawer slides.

Care to read a tribute to a different type of guard?

(something light)

Sentinels

They stand silently, alert, frozen
sentinels of the lake they guard
for duty called them to this spot
Commanders marched them there
in regimental colors they trudged
highland plaids to camouflaged whites
there to serve…ever faithful.
Relief may not be for months
as the snows of winter descend
Theirs is a lonely life of solitude
as they stand guard, these denizens.
The lawn chairs of the lake!

I love it. I felt a chill reading it. Then awooosh!! Cold water it was that splashed on my face - hahaha...I love it!

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Fishing Areas of Yellowstone National Park

The fishing season in the park does not ordinarily begin before July, by which time, according to one of the angling writers "the plethora of water has disappeared and the streams flow swift, clear, and cold. At this season of the year trout fishing is at its best."

YELLOWSTONE LAKE

Yellowstone Lake is one of the most beautiful lakes in the world. It and some of the tributary creeks abound with the native or redthroat trout. There appear to be no other game species in the lake. Landlocked salmon planted in 1908 and 1909 have not been seen since. The rainbow trout, planted at the same time in some of the affluents, have shown no evidence of establishment, excepting on the statement of Mr. Croley, a hotel fisherman for 12 years, to the effect that he had seen only one fish other than the blackspotted trout. This fish "looked different and had a broad side band" and was thought to be a rainbow.

In 1919 the senior author found the Water of Flat Mountain Arm, though shallow, distinctly colder than in the lake, evidently owing to the inflow of springs and the creek at its head. Near the head of this arm he found the largest redthroat trout met with in the park, fine, clean, trim, vigorous fellows, not like those observed elsewhere.

All suitable tributary creeks contain redthroat trout. The most notable creeks on the east side of the lake, enumerated from north to south, are: Pelican, Cub, Clear, Columbine, and Beaverdam Creeks. All contain native trout. Sylvan Lake, which discharges through Clear Creek in times of high water, contains a few trout. It is a beautiful mountain lake, clear and moderately cold. Ralph E. Clark said of Pelican Creek:

One mile east of Yellowstone River outlet is Pelican stream, which rises in the cold snows of the mountains and empties its waters into the lake. Here you catch quan tities of uncontaminated trout, large, beautiful, fat, and gamy, as free from Worms as the fresh cold waters they swim in are free from pollution.

On the west side of the lake, named in the same order, are Bridge Creek, entering Bridge Bay; Arnica Creek, an affluent of the northwest side of the Thumb; Solution Creek, a small, narrow stream, with lava bottom and grassy banks bordered with willows, the outlet of Riddle Lake, sometimes going dry. Riddle Lake, so called because of the former mystery of its outlet, is a clear pond of roundish outline, about 1-1/2 miles in diameter, about whose outlet are numerous lily pads and other plants. Its shores are shallow, and its bottom is chiefly of lava gravel. The temperature is about 50° F. Trout are numerous.

Near West Thumb is another small, deep-set lake, named Duck Lake, which has no outlet. It formerly contained no trout, but redthroat trout and landlocked salmon were planted in it. Redthroat trout now appear to be abundant, but landlocked salmon have never been observed. However, the senior author found good-sized Loch Leven trout common in 1919.

Grouse and Chipmunk Creeks enter opposite sides of the southern end of the South Arm. Besides these there are numerous unnamed creeks, some of which go dry in summer. One, however, flowing into Flat Mountain Arm, was found by the senior author on July 17, 1919, to contain more water than many of the other creeks around the lake, probably never going dry. A creek that will flow as did this one during a period of drought, with the lake level one-third lower than ever before known, must be permanent. The creek, unnamed on the available maps, clear and cold, with beautiful green, grassy banks with trees here and there, meanders to an extraordinary degree through a broad, open valley, flowing over a gravelly bed, now with riffles, now with deep holes, making a charming trout brook. At its mouth is a flat much frequented by elk. This creek was found to contain numerous trout of season's hatch; some 3 to 5 inches long of the previous season; and older fish up to 12 inches in length.

YELLOWSTONE RIVER ABOVE THE LAKE

Above the lake the Yellowstone River winds through marshy meadows, between wooded hills, behind which are the rugged peaks of high volcanic mountains. The current is sluggish, and, according to Mr. Dinsmore, the fall is so slight that it would be a comparatively easy matter in times of ordinary flow to travel by canoe the entire distance from the lake to the southern boundary of the park.

The principal tributaries of this portion of the river from the lake southward on the left are Cabin, Trappers, Mountain, Cliff, Escarpment, and Thoroughfare Creeks. On the other side in the same direction are Badger, Phlox, and Lynx Creeks. Good fishing is found in the river and in the creeks high up where they meander from the mountains.

YELLOWSTONE RIVER BELOW THE LAKE

Below the lake to the upper falls there is no great descent, and the river flows for about 15 miles with a quiet current. Here its banks are bordered with low hills, some of them wooded, others forming open pastures. On the right side going northward the principal creeks are Cotton Grass and Sour Creeks, which unite to discharge their waters into the Yellowstone not far from Alum Creek on the opposite side of the river. On the west side of the river is Trout Creek, which is a clear stream, with grassy banks and gravelly bottom. It has a summer temperature of about 58° F. and is a good trout stream.

Alum Creek is a clear stream about 8 feet wide and 1 or 2 feet deep, rising in the Continental Divide opposite the head of Nez Perce Creek and flowing eastward through the grassy fields of Hayden Valley. Its bed contains much white alkali from the hot springs above, and there is a perceptible alkaline taste to the water, which has a temperature of about 60° F. in summer. In its upper course it has some hot tributaries. One of these is Violet Creek, with a number of hot springs and mudholes. Still another fork is charged with alum, but a third branch is said to be one of the best redthroat trout streams in the park.

YELLOWSTONE RIVER AND BRANCHES BELOW THE FALLS

About 15 miles below the lake the river plunges into a deep canyon over two vertical falls 109 feet and 308 feet in height. This remarkable canyon is more than 20 miles long, with nearly perpendicular walls 800 to 1,100 feet in height. The current below the falls is swift until the river leaves the park.

The most important eastern tributary of the Yellowstone River is Lamar River. It is a large stream, sometimes referred to as the East Fork of the Yellowstone. It joins the Yellowstone not far below Butte Junction. There are many tributary creeks of various sizes, particularly on the north and northeast side. The principal of these are: Miller, Calfee, Cache, Soda Butte, joined by Amphitheater and Pebble Creeks; Slough Creek, the largest branch of which is Buffalo Creek. On the west side the creeks are smaller than most of those of the other side, the principal ones being Cold, Willow, and Timothy, near the upper course. Chalcedony Creek is farther down, and all but Cold Creek are in rather deep ravines near the river. Cascade Creek is a clear brook a few feet wide which enters the Yellowstone between the falls. The high, nearly vertical "Crystal Falls" (129 feet) is near the mouth of the stream and, of course, prevents the ascent of fishes. Redthroat trout were once planted above the falls.

Lamar River and most of its tributaries are inhabited by native trout. The junction of Yellowstone and Lamar Rivers is noted for fine fishing. Soda Butte is well stocked up to near its head, where a waterfall keeps the fish back. According to Mr. Dinsmore, Fish Lake, where the Bureau of Fisheries has for a number of years collected native trout eggs and where in 1921 a small hatchery was established, is a very remarkable water, with an area of only 75 acres. It contains a dense growth of vegetation, which in the late summer blossoms near the surface. After sundown the fish, which average about 2 pounds each, will come up out of the weeds and take gray-hackle flies almost as fast as they can be placed upon the water.

Slough Creek is said to be well stocked with trout up to the lakes at its head, only one of which, Lake Abundance, in Montana, contains trout.

Hellroaring Creek, which joins the Yellowstone from the north below the mouth of Lamar River, is abundantly supplied with native trout in its lower part.

The tributaries of the west side of the Yellowstone worthy of mention all enter this river below the Grand Canyon. The uppermost is Antelope Creek, which joins the river not far from the mouth of Tower Creek. It contains native trout. Tower Creek, for almost its whole length, is hidden in dense forests. Its current is swift, and it is perhaps the coldest stream in the park, the summer temperature being about 45° F. Carnelian Creek is one of its upper branches. About one-fourth mile from its mouth the creek forms a singularly picturesque, quite vertical fall of 132 feet, which is surrounded by lofty towers of volcanic conglomerate. Below the falls is a deep canyon, where the stream is about 10 feet wide and shallow. The waters above the falls were barren previous to the introduction of eastern brook, rainbow, and redthroat trouts.

The lower tributaries of the Yellowstone in the park are Geode Creek, Blacktail Deer Creek, and Gardiner River. Geode Creek is small. Rainbow trout planted in it in 1909 have not since been observed. Blacktail Deer Creek is a clear, rather cold (55° F.) stream running largely through open pastures, with willows along its course. It has no canyons or falls. Its bottom is of laval gravel and rocks, with some water weeds. In summer it is usually 5 or 6 feet wide by 1 or 2 feet deep and is well stocked with native redthroat trout and rainbow trout. Eastern brook trout were planted in 1912, 1913, and 1914.

GARDINER RIVER AND ITS BRANCHES

In the park Gardiner River may be said to be formed by two branches, designated on the maps as Lava Creek and Gardiner River, but the latter is sometimes referred to as the "Middle Fork."

Lava Creek is a clear, mountain stream in its upper course, flowing through evergreen forests on the north side of the mountain range. The stream is normally about 10 feet wide and 1 or 2 feet deep. Toward its mouth it cuts its way into a broad, flat shelf of lava, forming two falls about one-tenth of a mile apart. The upper falls, called Undine Falls, are vertical for about 30 feet, with two additional leaps of about 20 and 10 feet. The lower falls are vertical and about 50 feet high. Below these falls the stream flows through a highly picturesque canyon, joining Gardiner River above Mammoth Hot Springs.

Lupine Creek is a small tributary of Lava Creek, entering it above the falls. Near its junction with Lava Creek this creek has a cascade about 100 feet high called Wraith Falls. Notwithstanding the barrier offered by the falls, Dr. Jordan said that it was reported on good authority that small trout had been taken in Lava Creek above the falls. His attention was called to a possible means of access from Blacktail Deer Creek to Lava Creek in times of high water. In Lava and Lupine Creeks the only trout is the native redthroat. Below the falls native redthroat and Loch Leven trouts occur in Lava Creek.

Gardiner River, or Middle Fork, rises on the east slope of the Gallatin Mountains in the northwestern part of the park. It flows eastward, southward, then abruptly northward, bending around Bunsen Peak and forming a deep canyon, toward the head of which are Osprey Falls. Gardiner Canyon is some 800 to 1,000 feet deep, with vertical walls of lava, basalt, etc., and in grandeur is surpassed only by the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Osprey FaIls are about 150 feet high and nearly vertical. The principal headwaters of the Gardiner are Fawn, Panther, and Indian Creeks, which, with their branches, unite near Seven-mile Bridge. Winter and Straight Creeks unite into one stream and join Obsidian Creek to form Willow Park Creek, which also joins the Middle Fork near Seven-mile Bridge. Obsidian Creek originates in or near Twin Lakes, according to Jordan, and some of its branches in other small lakes, notably Lake of the Woods, which flows into Beaver Lake. At first the creek is very small, and its course for 2 or 3 miles is full of hot springs, solfataras, boiling mudholes, and various similar heated areas. Lower down cold springs enter the stream, and at Beaver Lake the water is clear and cold. Beaver Lake is a shallow, grassy pond, about a mile long, formed in the stream by the beavers. Eastern brook trout are reported as plentiful, but the rainbow trout, also planted there, have never been heard of. Below this lake the creek receives the clear, cold waters of Winter Creek and Straight Creek.

Winter Creek is a large stream which heads in Christmas Tree Park at the foot of Mount Holmes. Straight Creek flows through dense woods, open grass-grown meadows and narrow canyons. It is a very pretty stream, with many riffles and deep holes behind prostrate logs, and wide, shallow, gravelly reaches. In the course of Straight Creek is Grizzly Lake. It is a gem, with steep, wooded banks, clear, cold water, with shelving bottom and quite deep center. After their junction the waters of these creeks, under the name of Willow Park Creek, flow through Willow Park, a large mountain meadow, at the foot of which it meets the waters of Indian Creek and the others which have been mentioned, forming the Middle Fork of Gardiner River. Indian Creek is a clear, cold stream similar to the Gardiner.

All of the aforementioned creeks, previously barren, now teem with eastern brook trout, the only trout occurring in them. Jordan reported that Obsidian Creek with Winter Creek was one of the best eastern brook trout streams in the park. Its summer temperature is about 50° F. Its bottom is composed of laval gravel, lined with grass, algae, and other water plants in which small crustaceans abound. The senior author observed that Straight Creek teemed with brook trout of all sizes up to 12 inches long. Hundreds, mostly about 6 or 7 inches long, were observed. The fish were the most beautifully colored seen in the park. Males only 3 or 4 inches long showed the brilliant coloration of the fully developed fish in breeding season. Females 6 inches in length and upward had well-developed eggs. Grizzly Lake contains very large brook trout.

Above Osprey Falls the Gardiner is a clear, cold stream, having a temperature of about 50° F. The bottom is composed of numerous stones and bowlders, and there are many deep holes. This previously barren stretch of water now contains the introduced eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, and rainbow trouts. About halfway down from the falls to the junction with the East Fork Glen Creek the river on the left side. Glen Creek has been called the West Fork of the Gardiner. It rises in the Sepulcher Mountain region and flows southeast to Swan Lake outlet, thence northeast, joining the Gardiner at the foot of the canyon. It is a small stream, only 5 or 6 feet wide and 1 or 2 deep, which runs mostly through open meadows, with gravelly and grassy bottom. Its waters are very cold, about 48° F. in summer. Glen Creek has a waterfall some 70 feet high, known as Rustic Falls, at the Golden Gate near the base of Bunsen Peak. A small lake in the vicinity of Sepulcher Mountain was stocked with eastern brook trout in 1912, but the results are as yet uncertain. Below the falls the deep canyon is so choked with bowlders and talus that fish can not ascend it.

Swan Lake is a small, roundish pond about a half mile long, with a bottom of crumbled lava. While the water near shore is very shallow, the depth at the center seems considerable. The water is clear and cold and abounds with insects and crustaceans.

Eastern brook trout abound in the creek above the falls, but those planted in Swan Lake, it is said, seem to have left the lake for the small streams, as they have not been found in the lake. Near the junction of the Gardiner with the East Branch the stream is rough and bowlder strewn, but of a good volume, much like the Gibbon in character. The lower course of the Gardiner below the falls is well stocked with native redthroat trout and introduced eastern, rainbow, and Loch Leven trouts. Indigenous whitefish, suckers, and minnows also occur.

Below Mammoth Hot Springs the scalding waters of those springs discharge through "Hot River" into the Gardiner. It is said that in winter native trout are especially abundant at the mouth of the stream.

GIBBON RIVER ABOVE FALLS, GREBE AND RAINBOW LAKES

Gibbon River issues from Grebe Lake, which is located in a marshy area in the highlands. Grebe Lake is about a mile long and is one of the most attractive small lakes in the park. It was stocked with redthroat trout in 1912, but the results are not definitely known.

Approximately a mile or a mile and a half below Grebe Lake is another small lake visited by the senior author and Mr. Dinsmore in 1919. They proposed to name it Rainbow Lake. The lake drains a very extensive marshy area whose arms extend far into the hills, with greatly meandering, clear, cold streams. The lake has a gravelly' bottom, gently sloping shores, and a deep center. At several points are extensive beds of yellow water lilies, and the mouth of the large main affluent is covered by the same plants. Large rainbows frequent the lake and the effluent, and smaller fish abound in all the minor streams.

Gibbon River emerges from the southeast corner of Rainbow Lake. About a mile below the lake are hot mineral springs which discharge into the river, and for a mile or more the water is warm, distinctly impregnated, and fishless. Then cold springs entering the river from the hillsides render the stream again inhabitable by trout, which occur all the way to the Upper Falls of the Gibbon. These falls are too high to permit of the passage of fish upward.

From Virginia Cascade to Norris Station the river, with Solfatara Creek, affords fine fishing for eastern brook trout. Mr. Dinsmore reports that on July 26, 1919, he had wonderful fishing for this species and no other species was observed in this section of the river, although rainbows occur above Virginia Cascade and in the Gibbon below Norris Station.

Below the falls Canyon Creek, entering the river from the eastward, contains redthroat trout. From the falls to the junction of the Gibbon with the Madison the fish are the same as those occuring in the Madison and below the cascades of the Firehole.

MADISON RIVER AND ITS BRANCHES, FIREHOLE RIVER, NEZ PERCE CREEK, LITTLE FIREHOLE RIVER, ETC

Native redthroat trout, whitefish, and grayling are abundant, as are also the introduced Loch Leven and brown trouts in the upper Madison.

The Firehole River, about twice the size of the Gibbon River, joins it from the south. This stream heads just west of Shoshone Lake, separated from it and from the head of Bechler River by a relatively low divide, according to Gannett. It flows through Madison Lake, which is nearly dry in summer, but below it is reinforced by the fine, clear Spring Creek from the east. In its upper course the Firehole, like Spring Creek, is a clear and very cold stream, flowing through dense woods, with narrow marshy valleys alternating with small canyons. Keppler's Cascades, above the Upper Geyser Basin, is a series of very picturesque falls probably impassable to trout. Along the Firehole are the most noteworthy of the geyser basins, and a great volume of hot water is poured into it without, however, rendering its waters at any point really warm or unfit for trout. The principal tributaries are Iron Creek and Little Firehole River, in the Upper Geyser Basin. At the lower basin the Firehole receives the waters of Sentinel Creek, Fairy Creek, and the larger and more important Nez Perce Creek.

Nez Perce Creek comes in from the east, is nearly half as large as the Firehole, and is similar in character and temperature of the water. It is fed by numerous short streams, none of them hot and most of them confined to a narrow canyon.

Madison River.—The name Madison is used only for the river below the junction of its chief tributaries, the Firehole and Gibbon Rivers. The principal tributaries of the Madison as thus defined join the river beyond the park boundary. Named in order from the south to north they are Cougar, Gneiss, and Grayling Creeks. Within the park Cougar Creek receives the waters of Maple Creek, the principal tributary of which is Duck Creek. These upper waters are inhabitated by native redthroat trout. Campanula Creek joins Gneiss Creek beyond the park boundary. It also contains redthroat trout, as do the upper waters of all three of the main creeks mentioned, and in their lower courses they have whitefish and grayling besides native trout. The main Madison appears to contain a mixture of all the trouts that occur in the park, as well as whitefish and grayling.

SNAKE RIVER DRAINAGE

Above its junction with Heart River the Snake pursues a northwest course, receiving numerous small tributaries, the most important of which is, perhaps, a branch which heads in Mariposa Lake. Two relatively large tributaries come in from the northeastward—Crooked and Sickle Creeks.

Mariposa Lake is a small body of water in the southeast corner of the park about a mile north of the park boundary. It is said to be alive with native redthroat trout and to afford wonderful fishing for large trout. About a mile beyond the boundary Bridger Lake is another remarkable native trout water.

Heart Lake, about 3-1/2 miles long and not quite 2 miles in width, lies in a deep depression at the eastern foot of Mount Sheridan. Near the head of the lake and in the lake are numerous geysers and hot springs. Its bottom is of laval gravel, rather shallow near the shore but becoming deep in the middle. It receives some small tributaries, principal of which are Witch and Beaver Creeks. Heart River, its outlet, just below the lake receives a comparatively large tributary known as Surprise Creek.

Witch Creek has its rise 2 or 3 miles above the lake, in the singular collection of geysers, hot springs, and steam holes known as Factory Hill. Its water is at first scalding hot, but it gradually cools, receiving the waters of one cold tributary as large as itself. The lower course of Witch Creek winds through grassy meadows, with a bottom of fine laval gravel and sand. The creek at its mouth has a temperature of about 75° F. Native redthroat trout are numerous, occurring most commonly about the mouth of the creek. Besides the trout are suckers, chubs, and shiners, and the blob, or fresh-water sculpin, also occurs. There is plenty of fish food in the lake. The temperature varies according to the nearness to hot springs and geysers. Trout are said not to ascend Witch Creek, although the other species do, the chubs ascending until the water is fairly to be called hot.

Beyond the mouth of Heart River the Snake bends to the southward, thence later to the westward, receiving a number of tributaries, the largest being Basin Creek, Red Creek, and Forest Creek from the north. All the tributaries flowing directly into the Snake contain native redthroat trout.

Lewis River, which joins the Snake just within the park boundary, is the outlet for the waters of Shoshone and Lewis Lakes.

SHOSHONE LAKE AND TRIBUTARIES

This lake has a length of about 6-1/2 miles and a width of one-half to 4-1/2 miles, being dumb-bell shaped or constricted in the middle. Its area is about 12 square miles. Its shores are mostly bold, rocky, and densely wooded, the eastern shore being especially abrupt, and the bottom is there made by large lava bowlders. On the other side somewhat different conditions obtain, there being a considerable growth of aquatic vegetation. The lake is clearer and colder than either Yellowstone Lake or Heart Lake. The principal tributaries are Shoshone Creek at the northwest corner and De Lacy Creek at the northeast corner. Moose Creek from the southward enters the southern side of the eastern expansion of the lake. Shoshone Lake is connected with Lewis Lake at the southward by a stream of still water known as the "Canal," about 3 miles long.

Lewis Lake occupies a rounded basin with rather low banks. It is pear-shaped, about 3 miles long by 2 miles broad, very clear and cold, and apparently in every way suited for trout. Its bold shores are heavily wooded and without any large tributary streams. A few hot springs enter it on the western side.

Below Lewis Lake Lewis River enters a deep and narrow canyon. At the head of this canyon is a cascade of about 80 feet, of which 20 feet at the top is perpendicular. Toward the end of the canyon and not far above the junction with the Snake is another cascade some 50 feet in height. Owing to the falls in Lewis River no fish were able to ascend to Lewis and Shoshone Lakes, which were therefore uninhabited by any trouts until they were introduced.

Loch Leven and lake trouts are numerous, and eastern brook trout abound in Shoshone Creek. Mr. Clark wrote that the Shoshone and Lewis Lake region was probably the best fishing in the park:

These two lakes and their outlet, Lewis River, are full of native trout and have been stocked with Mackinaw and Loch Leven trout, which are increasing in number and size most successfully. These fish will not rise to the surface and take the fly as do the regular native trout, and it is necessary to go down into the water for them. In the lakes you can catch them by trolling if you can find the particular cove where they happen to be running. However, in spite of the uncertainty of the lake trolling, there is one place where you can troll with assurance of success, and that is the canal between Shoshone and Lewis Lakes. This is a natural body of water with little or no current and not very wide. In Lewis River just below Lewis Falls, in the deep pools where the eddies are covered with foam, you are sure to find good fishing.

Rainbow trout said to have been planted in De Lacy Creek in 1895 have never been observed, but eastern brook trout of small size are numerous.

FALLS RIVER AND BECHLER RIVER

Falls River pursues a sinuous course near the boundary in the southwestern corner of the park. It rises by two branches, one originating in a marshy area, the other in Beula Lake, near which are Herring Lake and another smaller one, both mere ponds, and flows to the eastward. In the Birch Hills it passes through a short ravine, flowing over two falls, Terraced and Rainbow Falls, the latter being the most westerly. Before joining Bechler River it receives a considerable creek, Mountain Ash by name, which flows down from the south side of Pitchstone Plateau.

Bechler River rises on the northwest side of Pitchstone Plateau and winds to the southward to its junction with Falls River just north of the boundary. It passes through a deep gorge in which are several falls, notably Iris Falls, and a short distance below Colonnade Falls. Below these falls it receives several tributaries, the most important of which is Boundary Creek, which rises across the border and flows southeastward to its junction with Bechler River.

In 1920 A. H. Dinsmore visited this region and reported it as one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful, of the valleys in all the park—flat as a floor, abounding in wild and domesticated grasses, meandered by fine, clear streams in which native trout of good size may be taken in large numbers. At the head of the valley, within an area of not more than 3 miles, not less than eight streams fall from the timbered plateau over falls and cascades which rival any in the park excepting the Great Falls of the Yellowstone. So close to the valley are these waterfalls that many of them are in plain view as one rides through it.

Native trout are abundant in Falls River, probably up as far as Rainbow Falls, and in Mountain Ash Creek to Union Falls; also in all the waters below the falls.

FISHING REGULATIONS

In order to prevent undue destruction of fish and depletion of the park waters, certain restrictions have become necessary, and it is believed that anglers generally will be in full sympathy with the protective measures that the park authorities find it desirable to a opt from time to time. The general policy is to curtail fishing as little as may be compatible with the maintenance of the supply and to depend largely on increased fish-cultural operations to prevent the depletion of park waters.

Following are the fishing regulations now in force:

1. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and lines, or for merchandise or profit, is prohibited.

2. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent.

3. All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water, if not seriously injured. Fish retained should be killed.

4. Ten fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch per person from all waters within 2 miles of the main belt-line road system. In the case of other waters the superintendent of the park may authorize a limit of not exceeding 20 fish for a day's catch per person.

About the Author

Jay Bryce is a community manger at iFished.com (http://www.ifished.com/). iFished.com has fishing and local information for over 40,000 lakes and fishing areas in the United States. Information includes current weather and forecasts, best times fishing charts, maps, local businesses and more. iFished.com also has a large library of fishing videos, fishing articles and current fishing reports to help you catch more fish.